Heat operated compression refrigeration



June 13, 1950 A. KATZOW HEAT OPERATED COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION Filed March 17, 1945 IN VEN TOR. WW. M (5 .l'lllllll III III.

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Patented June 13, 1950 HEAT OPERATED COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION Abram Kataow, Indianapolis, Ind.

Application March 17, 1945, Serial No. 583,302

This invention relates to the art of refrigeration, more particularly to refrigerating apparatus of compression type wherein circulation of refrigerant takes place by forming pressure of refrigerant and then dissipating pressure of a part of the refrigerant while it drives a compressor. and in which the forming and the dissipating of pressure is maintained by application of heat to that part of the refrigerant which drives the compressor.

Various other features and advantages will be brought out more fully in the following detailed description in connection with the accompanying drawing in which reference character i designates a rotary compressor. 2 a rotor, which rotates within the compressor in a usual manner. 3 designates blades attached to-the rotor 2. Heat given 011 by the compressor I to the atmospheric air, is given off by means of heat radiating fins 4 attached to the compressor I. Of course, the condenser may be cooled by any other known means. The rotor 2 is connected to a rotor 8 by means Of a shaft 5. The rotor 6 rotates within a turbine 8 in a usual manner. I designates blades attached to the rotor 6. To prevent loss of heat the turbine may be insulated. One end of a conduit 9 is connected to the compressor I, the other end to a condenser Ill. The lower end of the condenser ii) is connected to a float-valve chamber ii. A float-valve i2 is arranged within the floatvalvc chamber i l. Instead of a float-valve and a float valve chamber, an expansion valve may be used. Heat radiating fins I3 attached to the condenser if]. It should be distinctly understood that other means for cooling the condenser may be used. Conduit it connects the float-valve with an evaporator 15. To provide a large evaporating surface in the evaporator, baffling plates it are arranged within the evaporator. The outlet of the compressor I is connected to the inlet of the turbine 8 by means of a conduit H. A part of the conduit 11 is heated by any known means. A conduit l8 connects the inlet of the compressor i with the outlet of the turbine I. A part of the conduit ll and a. part of the conduit 18 form a temperature exchanger. The evaporator I is connected to the inlet of the compressor I by means of a conduit is. The conduit I4 and the conduit 19 form a temperature exchanger. The system is filled with a refrigerant, such as, Trichloromonofluoromethane (F11). Other refrigerants may be used, and it should be distinctly understood that F11 is mentioned by way of ex- 12 Claims. (Cl. 62-115) the turbine 8 may be inclosed in a chamber, and the chamber sealed.

The operation is as follows:

The rotary compressor I draws gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator 15 through the conduit l9, and from the turbine 8 through the conduit l8 and delivers the gaseous refrigerant under pressure through the conduit 9 to the condenser II and through the conduit i! to the inlet of the turbine 8. In the condenser It the refrigerant while giving up heat is liquefied. From the condenser iii the liquid refrigerant passes into the chamber II and from the chamber ll, through the float-valve l2 and conduit it into the evaporator 15 where the liquid evaporates while extracting heat from the surroundings. From the evaporator I5 gaseous refrigerant passes through the conduit I!) to the inlet of the compressor i. Gaseous refrigerant before entering the inlet of the turbine 8 is heated in the conduit 11, thus increasing the volume of the gaseous refrigerant before it enters the turbine 8. In the turbine 8 while passing from the inlet to the outlet the gaseous refrigerant expands to drive by means of the shaft 5 the rotor 2 of the compressor 1. From the outlet of the turbine 8 the gaseous refrigerant passes through the conduit l8 to the inlet of the compressor I and while passing through the conduit I 8 the gaseous refrigerant gives up heat to the gaseous refrigerant in the conduit ll.

While the invention has been shown in its preferred form, it will be understood that various changes and modifications may be made which fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. A process of refrigerating through the agency of a compression system, which comprises heatample only. The compressor 1, the shaft 5 and ing a gaseous refrigerant to increase its volume, diffusing the heated refrigerant while abstracting mechanical energy therefrom, and increasing the pressure of the thus diffused refrigerant with such abstracted mechanical energy, the said refrigerant remaining in the gaseous state throughout said heating, diffusing, and pressure-increasing steps.

2. A process of refrigerating through the agency of a compression system which comprises heating a gaseous refrigerant to increase its volume, diffusing the heated refrigerant while abstracting mechanical energy therefrom, and increasing the pressure of the thus diffused refrigerant and of additional refrigerant with such abstracted mechanical energy, the said refrigerant remaining 3 in the gaseous state throughout said heating, diffusing, and pressure-increasing steps.

3. A process of refrigerating through the agency of a compression system which comprises passing a gaseous refrigerant over a predetermined path, heating the refrigerant at one point in said path to increase its volume, cooling and decreasing the pressure of the heated refrigerant at a subsequent point in said path, abstracting mechanical energy from the refrigerant between said two points, and increasing pressure of the thus cooled refrigerant with such abstracted mechanical energy.

4. A process of refrigerating through the agency of a compression system which comprises heating a gaseous refrigerant to increase its volume, decreasing pressure of the heated refrigerant to expand it while abstracting mechanical energy therefrom, and compressing the thus expanded refrigerant with such abstracted mechanical energy while the refrigerant gives up heat to a cooling medium.

5. A process of refrigerating through the agency of a compression system which comprises heating a gaseous refrigerant to increase its volume, decreasing pressure of the heated refrigerant to expand it while abstracting mechanical power from it, and compressing the thus expanded refrigerant and additional refrigerant with the mechanical power while the refrigerant gives up heat to a cooling medium.

6. A process of refrigerating through the agency of a compression system which comprises heating a gaseous refrigerant to increase its' olume, decreasing pressure of the heated refrigerant to expand it while abstracting mechanical power from it, compressing the thus expanded refrigerant and additional refrigerant with the mechanical power while the refrigerant gives up heat to a cooling medium, condensing a part of the compressed refrigerant, and evaporating the condensate while extracting heat from the surroundings.

7. A method of producing refrigeration, comprising circulating two portions of a gaseous refrigerant respectively over two predetermined closed paths including a common stretch, compressing both portions of the refrigerant as they pass over said common stretch, condensing and then evaporating one portion of the compressed refrigerant before it returns to said common stretch, heating the other portion of the compressed refrigerant before it returns to the common stretch, and employing the effect produced by said heating to cause said circulation of both refrigerant portions.

8. In a cyclic method of producing refrigeration, comprising the steps of heating a gaseous refrigerant, expanding the heated refrigerant to produce mechanical power, employing such power to compress the expanded refrigerant, and returning the thus compressed refrigerant for heating and recycling, the improvement which consists in transferring heat from the expanded refrigerant to the returning, compressed refrigerant.

9. A refrigerating apparatus of the compression type. comprising a turbine, a rotary compressor having a compression surface of greater area at its inlet end than at the compressor outlet, said turbine including a rotor, said compressor including a rotor, a shaft connecting the rotors, a first conduit connecting the outlet of the compressor with the inlet of the turbine, a second conduit connecting the outlet of the compressor with a condenser, means to control passage of liquid refrigerant to an evaporator, a third conduit connecting the inlet of the compressor with the evaporator, a fourth conduit connecting the inlet of the compressor with the outlet of the turbine, a refrigerant within the apparatus, a heat exchanger formed by said first and fourth conduits, and refrigerant heating means associated with the first conduit between said heat exchanger and the turbine-inlet.

10. A refrigerating apparatus of the compression type, comprising a fluid-pressure motor, a compressor driven thereby, a condenser and an evaporator connected in series between the outlet and inlet of the compressor, a first conduit connecting the outlet of the compressor with the inlet of the motor, a second conduit connecting the outlet of the motor with the inlet of the compressor, a heat exchanger in said two conduits,

a refrigerant within the apparatus, and refrigerant heating means associated with said first conduit between said heat exchanger and the motor-inlet.

11. In refrigerating apparatus, a turbine, a compressor driven thereby, a conduit for conveying to said compressor fluid to be compressed, a conduit connecting the outlet end of the compressor with the inlet end of the turbine, said conduits being arranged in heat exchanging relationship with each other.

12. In refrigerating apparatus, a turbine, a compressor driven thereby, a conduit for conveying gaseous fluid to said turbine, a conduit connecting the outlet end of the turbine with the inlet end of the compressor, said conduits being arranged in heat exchanging relationship with each other.

ABRAM KATZOW.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 653,171 Coleman July 3, 1900 871,325 Coleman Nov. 19, 1907 1,478,162 Anderson Dec. 18, 1923 1,871,244 Steuart Aug. 9, 1932 2,088,609 Randel Aug. 3, 1937 2,117,693 Bancel May 17, 1938 2,394,253 Nettel et al Feb. 5, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 937 Great Britain Mar. 8, 1878 

